ĐẶC TRƯNG THÀNH PHẦN CACBON VÀ SƠ BỘ NHẬN DẠNG NGUỒN PHÁT THẢI CỦA BỤI PM2.5 VÀ PM0.1 TẠI MỘT ĐIỂM ĐÔ THỊ Ở HÀ NỘI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51453/3093-3706/2026/1493Keywords:
PM2.5; PM0.1; Organic carbon; Elemental carbon; Thermal carbon fractions; HanoiAbstract
PM2.5 and PM0.1 contain substantial amounts of carbonaceous compounds that play important roles in air quality, human health, and atmospheric radiative balance. However, information on the carbonaceous characteristics of PM0.1 in Vietnam remains limited. This study investigated the carbonaceous characteristics and source implications of PM2.5 and PM0.1 collected at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam. PM2.5 and PM0.1 samples were collected simultaneously using a Cyclone sampler and a NanoSampler, respectively. Thermal carbon fractions (OC1–OC4, PyOC, and EC1–EC3) were determined using the thermal–optical reflectance (TOR) method following the IMPROVE_A protocol. Based on these fractions, OC, EC, TC, char-EC, soot-EC, and the OC/EC and char-EC/soot-EC ratios were calculated to characterize the carbonaceous composition and provide insights into potential emission sources.
The results showed that OC was the dominant carbonaceous component in both PM2.5 and PM0.1. Compared with PM2.5, PM0.1 exhibited a higher carbon-to-particle mass ratio, indicating the carbon-enriched nature of ultrafine particles. Among the thermal carbon fractions, OC2, OC3, and EC1 contributed substantially to the total carbon in both particle fractions. The OC/EC and char-EC/soot-EC ratios, together with the distribution patterns of thermal carbon fractions, suggested the combined influences of traffic emissions, biomass burning, and secondary organic carbon formation. These findings provide valuable data on the carbonaceous composition of particulate matter in Hanoi and contribute to future studies on emission sources and urban air quality management.
Downloads
References
[1]. Wang, J., Xing, J., Mathur, R., Pleim, J. E., Wang, S., Hogrefe, C., Gan C-M, Wong DC, Hao J (2017). Historical trends in PM2. 5-related premature mortality during 1990–2010 across the northern hemisphere. Environ. Health Perspect., 125(3), 400-408. doi: 10.1289/EHP298
[2]. Bhargava, A., Shukla, A., Bunkar, N., Shandilya, R., Lodhi, L., Kumari, R., Gupta, P.K., Rahman, A., Chaudhury, K., Tiwari, R., Goryacheva, I.Y., Mishra, P.K., 2019. Exposure to ultrafine particulate matter induces NF-ΚВ mediated epigenetic modifications. Environ. Pollut. 252, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.065.
[3]. Schraufnagel, D.E., 2020. The health effects of ultrafine particles. In: Experimental and Molecular Medicine, vol. 52, pp. 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0403-3, 3 Springer Nature.
[4]. Han, Y.M., Lee, S.C., Cao, J.J., Ho, K.F., An, Z.S. (2009). Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of char-EC and soot-EC in the atmosphere over China. Atmos. Environ., 43 (38) (2009), pp. 6066-6073. Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.018
[5]. Morawska, L., Moore, M.R., Ristovski, Z.D. (2004). Health Impacts of Ultrafine Particles, Desktop Literature Review and Analysis, Department of Environment and Heritage, Australian Government
[6].S. Chansuebsri, P. Kolar, P. Kraisitnitikul, N. Kantarawilawan, N. Yabueng, W. Wiriya, D. Thepnuan, S. Chantara (2024). Chemical composition and origins of PM2.5 in Chiang Mai (Thailand) by integrated source apportionment and potential source areas. Atmos. Environ., 327, Article 120517, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120517.
[7]. Pachauri, T., Satsangi, A., Singla, V., Lakhani, A., Kumari, K.M. (2013). Characteristics and Sources of Carbonaceous Aerosols in PM2.5 during Wintertime in Agra, India. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. Vol. 13, pp. 977–991. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.10.0263
[8]. Thuy, N.T.T., Dung, N.T., Sekiguchi, K., Thuy, L.B., Hien, N.T.T., Yamaguchi, R., 2018. Mass concentrations and carbonaceous compositions of pm0.1, pm2.5, and pm10 at urban locations in hanoi, vietnam. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 18, 1591–1605. Doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2017.11.0502.
[9]. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Crow, D., Lowenthal, D.H., Merrifield, T., 2001. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 34, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119073.
[10]. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Chen, L.W.A., Chang, M.C.O., Robinson, N.F., Trimble, D., Kohl, S. (2007). The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: Maintaining consistency with a long-term database. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 57(9), 1014–1023. https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014.
[11]. Han, Y.M., Cao, J.J., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., An, Z.S., Jin, Z.D., Fung, K., Liu, S.X. (2007). Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC. Chemosphere, 69(4), 569–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.024
[12]. Turpin, B.J., Huntzicker, J.J. (1995). Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS. Atmospheric Environment, 29(23), 3527–3544. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00276-Q.
[13]. Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường. (2013). QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng không khí xung quanh.
[14]. Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường. (2023). QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT – Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng không khí.
[15]. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization. ISBN 978- 92-4-003422-8.
[16]. Cao, J. J., Zhu, C. S., Tie, X. X., Geng, F. H., Xu, H. M., Ho, S. S. H., Wang, G. H., Han, Y. M., & Ho, K. F. (2013). Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols from Shanghai, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(2), 803-817. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-803-2013
[17]. CaoJ.J. , Lee, S.C. Chow, J.C. Watson, J.G., Ho, K.F., Zhang, R.J. Jin, Z.D. Shen, Z.X., Chen, G.C., Kang, Y.M. (2007). Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112 , p. 2211, doi:10.1029/2006JD008205.
[18]. Cao, J. J., Wu, F., Chow, J. C., Lee, S. C., Li, Y., Chen, S. W., An, Z. S., Fung, K. K., Watson, J. G., Zhu, C. S., & Liu, S. X. (2005). Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 5, 3127–3137. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3127-2005
[19]. Lim, H. J., & Turpin, B. J. (2002). Origins of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol in Atlanta: Results of Time-Resolved Measurements during the Atlanta Supersite Experiment. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(21), 4489–4496. doi:10.1021/es0206487
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All articles published in SJTTU are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) license. This means anyone is free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, provided they give appropriate attribution to the original author(s) and SJTTU, link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
Copyright on articles is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to SJTTU to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
Although the conditions of the CC BY-SA license don't apply to authors (as the copyright holder of your article, you have no restrictions on your rights), by submitting to SJTTU, authors recognize the rights of readers, and must grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the license.
