ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐẶC ĐIỂM NÔNG SINH HỌC VÀ KHẢ NĂNG THÍCH NGHI CỦA CÂY TRI MẪU (ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES BUNGE) NHẬP NỘI TRỒNG TẠI SA PA – LÀO CAI

Abstract

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, formerly classified within the family Liliaceae and currently reassigned to Asparagaceae, is a perennial evergreen herb widely recognized for its medicinal value. The species possesses a rhizome measuring 5–15 cm in length. Leaves are linear, smooth, with serrulate margins, and can reach up to 0.5 m in length. The flowering scape is glabrous, 30–60 cm tall, bearing ovate bracts. Flowers exhibit perianth segments ranging from pink to pale pink or white. The ovary is ovoid, measuring 1.0–1.5 cm in length, with six stamens approximately 1 mm long. The fruit is a hexagonal capsule, and seeds are black, elongated, and narrow, measuring 7–12 mm × 2.5–3.0 mm. Under natural conditions, the species flowers from August to September.

The introduced population was cultivated in Sapa (Lao Cai Province, Vietnam) in February at a spacing density of 40 × 30 cm under full natural light conditions without shading. The results indicated that the species adapted well to local environmental conditions, exhibiting vigorous growth and stable development. Flowering was observed from the second year after planting. The growth cycle lasted approximately 2–3 years, with flowering occurring annually from May to July under cultivation conditions, indicating a shift compared to its natural phenology. The theoretical fresh rhizome yield ranged from 3.5 to 7.0 tons per hectare. Phytochemical analysis showed that the timosaponin BII content ranged from 3.56% to 3.70%, meeting the quality requirements specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (minimum 3.0%). These findings highlight the strong adaptability and potential of A. asphodeloides for large-scale cultivation and medicinal resource development in northern mountainous regions of Vietnam.